On the Mecca Defense Pact
The search for alternatives has led Saudi Arabia, the most powerful and independent of the Gulf monarchies, to construct an alliance with Pakistan and Turkiye. Today, the pact has been formalized as the Mecca pact, involving three countries. This new defensive military alliance, grants Saudi Arabia security under Pakistan’s nuclear umbrella and the security of Turkish military power. For Turkiye and Pakistan, it provides reach into the wider Arabian Peninsula while for Pakistan, allows it both economic support from the Saudis (in exchange of military security) and potential for economic and diplomatic blackmail against India, as Saudi Arabia remains one of India’s main oil suppliers.



















