Chavista collectives: are they ‘guardians of the revolution’ or paramilitary groups?
The following article was originally published on the IWL website in 2017: The German news agency DW, citing the Venezuelan Observatory on Social Conflict (OVCS), claims that ‘the colectivos’ are parapolice and paramilitary groups operating in close coordination with other state security forces. DW concludes that: ‘Unarmed civilians in Venezuela are the ones most likely […]


















