{"id":70871,"date":"2022-01-11T22:29:16","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T22:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/litci.org\/en\/?p=66866"},"modified":"2022-01-11T22:29:16","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T22:29:16","slug":"66866-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/litci.org\/en\/66866-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Brazil &#124; With Bolsonaro\u2019s Support, the Amazon Suffers Another Gold Rush"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>December 14, 2021<br \/>\n<em>On December 6, the newspaper \u201cFolha de S. Paulo\u201d published a report showing that this year, general Augusto Heleno, minister of the Institutional Defense Cabinet (GSI) of the Presidency, authorized seven gold-prospecting projects in the region of S\u00e3o Gabriel da Cachoeira (Amazonas). The final decision was made following various projects led by the National Mining Agency (ANM). <\/em><br \/>\nBy: Jeferson Choma<br \/>\nThe region, located in the northeast of the Amazonas state, is called Cabe\u00e7a do Cachorro. It is one of the most preserved regions of tropical wilderness, and full of indigenous territories: approximately 23 different ethnic groups live in the region. The presence of indigenous peoples in S\u00e3o Gabriel is so strong that it is known as the capital of various indigenous languages, including Nheengatu, Tucano, and Baniwa languages.<br \/>\n<strong>Deforestation<\/strong><br \/>\nAll of the regions identified by the general are federal territories, neighboring indigenous territories. It is yet another action taken by the Bolsonaro government to incentivize the expansion of mining in the public lands of the Amazon, whether they are unoccupied (without specific purpose and not part of any particular ancestral territory), indigenous, or protected wildlife reserves.<br \/>\nWhat\u2019s more, this criminal policy has resulted in the deforestation of 40,536 km<sup>2<\/sup> of the Amazon over the past five years, according to data from the Real-Time Deforestation Detection System (Deter) run by the Special Research Institute of Brazil (INPE).<br \/>\nInsofar as it respected legally protected regions, deforestation due to mining increased by 80.62% in the first quarter of 2020 relative to its growth over the same period of the prior year according to the NGO Greenpeace.<br \/>\n<strong>Genocide of the people of the forest<\/strong><br \/>\nBesides the wilderness itself, the people who live in it are the main victims of mining\u2019s expansion, as it contaminates the environment, harms people\u2019s health, creates violence, and disrupts traditional communities.<br \/>\nIndigenous peoples in particular are living under the threat of a new genocide. Currently, more than 3,000 requests to mine locations on indigenous territories of the Amazon are being processed by the ANM. According to the project \u201cMined Amazon\u201d by InfoAmazonia, at least 58 requests have been approved. despite the fact that these incursions on indigenous land are prohibited by the Constitution.<br \/>\nAnglo-American mining companies control nearly half of the projects authorized by the ANM, with 27 granted requests to mine for copper in the indigenous territories of Mato Grosso and Par\u00e1. Their main target, the subject of 13 requests, is the land of Sawr\u00e9 Muybu (Pimental) in the southeast of Par\u00e1, the traditional territory of the Munduruku people.<br \/>\n<strong>Invasion and contamination<\/strong><br \/>\nMore than seventy years ago, the Munduruku people fought against the incursions of garimpo, clandestine mining operations, located in the middle of the Tapajos river. An investigation carried out by Fiocruz in collaboration with the WWF-Brazil shows that as a result of the \u201cgarimpeira\u201d 100% of the indigenous population have suffered mercury poisoning.<br \/>\nThe Yanomami people face the same situation in Roraima. Since the election of Bolsonaro, more than 20,000 garimpeiros have invaded their lands, murdered people, and polluted the rivers and the fish.<br \/>\nNevertheless, Bolsonaro\u2019s commitment to abetting the genocide of these peoples is so strong that the National Indian Foundation (Funai) prohibited Fiocruz researchers from studying the degree of mercury contamination in the Yanomami caused by mining.<br \/>\n<strong>Who\u2019s who in the mining of the Amazon? Exploitation or \u201clegal\u201d mining: destruction, looting, and death<\/strong><br \/>\nThe garimpo of today bears little in common with the garimpo of other eras, such as during the 1970s in Serra Pelada. At that point in time, the Serra Pelada attracted poor peasants, working on highway construction projects funded by the dictatorship.<br \/>\nLater came the underdogs of what would become known as the \u201ceconomic miracle\u201d, and adventurers of all stripes. At one point, even the dictatorship promoted garimpo in an attempt to promote land settlement and impede the movements of guerrilla forces.<br \/>\nBut today, garimpo is no longer financed by the garimpeiros themselves. And the garimperios do not come with pickaxes nor do they form a \u201chuman anthill\u201d. The garimpo today is a big business, upending, polluting, and degrading much more land with the use of heavy machinery.<br \/>\n<strong>A criminal plan<\/strong><br \/>\nGarimpo mining today is financed by politicians, businessmen, and organized criminals. They are the ones bringing vulnerable workers to these lands, who bribe community leaders. It is the heads of these cartels that are becoming rich, not the poor garimpeiro who works in conditions that sometimes resemble slavery (since 2008, 333 workers in garimpos have been rescued from such conditions).<br \/>\nGenerally, garimpeira is associated with other illegal activities, such as illegal logging, cattle ranching, the invasion of public lands, drug trafficking, etc. In this sense, the illegal garimpo is just one part of the capitalist engine at work in the Amazon, which is now a \u201cmilitia territory\u201d controlled by criminal groups.<br \/>\n<strong>The destructive \u201clegality\u201d of capitalism<\/strong><br \/>\nBut, \u201clegal\u201d capitalist mining also exists and is undertaken by major companies, typically foreign ones. Supposedly, these companies are \u201cless predatory\u201d, and are thus authorized by the ANM. The failure of the filtration system of Hydro Alunorte in December 2018, which led to the contamination of various cities in Par\u00e1 by mercury, arsenic, and lead, shows that this is a farce. There is no oversight, and the \u201clegal\u201d mining invades indigenous territories all the same.<br \/>\nCurrently, mining companies are pushing for the loosening of environmental regulations, for example, the Project of Law 3729 that is being taken up by the National Congress, which proposes the end of environmental licensing.<br \/>\nWhether legal or illegal, mining in the Amazon means the destruction and genocide of indigenous peoples, while a half dozen criminals\u2014whether they wear militia fatigues or business suits\u2014make away with billions after the theft, pillage, and death.<br \/>\nFirst published in Portuguese on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pstu.org.br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>www.pstu.org.br<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, 8\/12\/2021.-<br \/>\n<em>Translation to Spanish: Natalia Estrada<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Translation to English: Carlos Sapir<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>December 14, 2021 On December 6, the newspaper \u201cFolha de S. Paulo\u201d published a report showing that this year, general Augusto Heleno, minister of the Institutional Defense Cabinet (GSI) of the Presidency, authorized seven gold-prospecting projects in the region of S\u00e3o Gabriel da Cachoeira (Amazonas). The final decision was made following various projects led by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70793,"menu_order":143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"litci_post_political_author":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3508,3563,3493],"tags":[3576,3961,3962,3963,3964,3965],"class_list":["post-70871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brazil","category-latin-america","category-world","tag-brazil","tag-ecology","tag-environmental-crisis","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-mining","tag-native-peoples"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brazil &#124; With Bolsonaro\u2019s Support, the Amazon Suffers Another Gold Rush - International Worker&#039;s League<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/litci.org\/en\/66866-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brazil &#124; With Bolsonaro\u2019s Support, the Amazon Suffers Another Gold Rush - International Worker&#039;s League\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"December 14, 2021 On December 6, the newspaper \u201cFolha de S. 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