{"id":72081,"date":"2026-01-13T22:54:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T22:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/?p=72081"},"modified":"2026-01-14T11:58:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T11:58:18","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n<\/span>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0640\u201c\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\n<\/span>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u00a0 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 (1994\u20131996\u060c 1999\u20132009)\u060c \u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1992\u20131997)\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 (2008)\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (2014 \u06482022). \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u061b \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

___<\/span>
\n<\/span> \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0644: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u060c \u0635 \u0661\u0666\u0662.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 161-162.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641. \u0625. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 39\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1978\u060c \u0635 202. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641. \u0625.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0625\u064a. \u0625\u0633. “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c 24 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f: \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c 2014. \u0635 73-75.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a. “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0633\u060c 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0667\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b. \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0635 \u0662\u0663\u0668.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627. “\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0661\u0664 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0667.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0646. “\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a”\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0662\u0668 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0660.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0645. “\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a”. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641. “\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0635 2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635 128.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.bruegel.org\/dataset\/russiancrude-oil- tracker<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0647\u0646\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646. “\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f”\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c 3 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u062c\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627. “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u061f”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c 25 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0economy\/2023\/3\/20\/russia-overtakes-saudiarabia-as-chinas-top-oil-supplier\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/us500.com\/fortune-global-500<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 98.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 95<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 191<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a. “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/theconversation.com\/russiaseconomy-is-now-completely-driven-by-the-warin-ukraine-it-cannot-afford-to-lose-but-nor-canit-afford-to-win-221333\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646. “\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647”\u060c \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645”\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c 13 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. “\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0636\u062e\u0645”\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c 4 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/thenextrecession.wordpress. com\/2024\/03\/15\/russians-vote-for-putin\/<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/thenextrecession.wordpress. com\/2025\/02\/24\/russia-ukraine-war-threeyears-on\/<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627. “\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c 22 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627. “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637”\u060c \u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/b4ukraine.org\/pdf\/B4Ukraine_3Years_ Report.pdf\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627. “\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f “\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0633” \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u061f”\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c 24 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/b4ukraine.org\/pdf\/B4Ukraine_3Years_ Report.pdf\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/english.www.gov.cn\/news\/202412\/27\/ content_WS676eabb1c6d0868f4e8ee51f.html\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0645. “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b”\u060c \u0633\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u060c 28 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627. “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627” \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c 21 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0645\u0647<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u270d\ud83c\udffe \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":72086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3494],"tags":[3857,3856,3615,3662,3855,3590,3854],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627-\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72081"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72081"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72085,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72081\/revisions\/72085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}