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&#8220;\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0627\u0631 1875\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 194\u060c \u0641\u064a 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1849. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 &#8220;\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&#8221; \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1849\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1848<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 1847&#8243;\u060c 23 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1848\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0631\u060c 4\u060c \u0635 501\u060c (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c. \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c 2018\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u063a\u062a\u060c 9 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1870<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u060c 9 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1870 \u00a0\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 29 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1869<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1870<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1877<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a 5 \u0622\u0628 1890<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8220;\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1920<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c 90 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1937<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629). \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1922\u060c \u0636\u062f &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648: &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0638. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637_ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1914<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c 1919\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 26\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 1984\u060c \u0635 292-296\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1916\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u060c 1908<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u060c 1908<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1916<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0645.\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[36]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f&#8221;. <em>(<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marxist.org\"><em>www.marxist.org<\/em><\/a><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[37]<\/a> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 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name=\"_ftn4\">[39]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":71624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10],"tags":[3502,3512,3515,3533],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/545be309cf1461348325251.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4253"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4253"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71630,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4253\/revisions\/71630"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}