{"id":2431,"date":"2020-01-28T19:31:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T22:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.litci.org\/arab\/?p=2431"},"modified":"2020-01-28T19:31:47","modified_gmt":"2020-01-28T22:31:47","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\/ \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 &#8211; 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\u0623\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>________________________<\/p>\n<p>(1) \u2013 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b&#8221;. (\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 1370\u060c \u0635 73).<br \/>\n(An essay on trade and commerce: containing observations on Taxes, etc., London, 1770,p. 73).<br \/>\n(2) &#8211; \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f (?What is a pound) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631&#8221; 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[\u0646. \u0639].<\/p>\n<p>(3) \u2013 &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060cD &#8216;obtenir du capital d\u00e9pens\u00e9 la plus forte somme de travail possible.<br \/>\n(\u062c . \u063a . \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0644 &#8211; \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 1857\u060c \u0635 62).<br \/>\n(4) \u2013 &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d&#8221;&#8230; &#8220;\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0624\u0645\u0627\u064b&#8221;. (\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c [1770]\u060c \u0635 47 \u0648153).<br \/>\n(An Essay on Trade and Commerce, etc., [1770], p. 47 &amp; 153).<br \/>\n(5) \u2013 &#8220;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0647&#8221;. (\u0646. \u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c 1767\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 466.<br \/>\nN. Linguet, Th\u00e9orie des Lois Civiles, etc., London, 1767, V. II, p. 466<br \/>\n(6) &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 (Strike) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (builders) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1860 &#8211; 1861\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 9 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (building masters) \u062c\u0634\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629. (\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1867 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a!).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HxtjX9dVU8\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/archives\/2220\">\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\/ \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\/ \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636&#8221; &#8212; Liga Internacional de los Trabajadores\" src=\"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/archives\/2220\/embed#?secret=ZQul4WVEGo#?secret=HxtjX9dVU8\" data-secret=\"HxtjX9dVU8\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 &#8211; \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 6 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1669,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/litci.org\/arab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}